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有条件查询 ​

叶子查询(单条件) ​

模糊匹配 ​

通过match关键词模糊匹配条件内容，如果字段是数字就会变成精确查询

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "李四"
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "李四"
    }
  }
}

会根据分词模糊匹配进行全文检索，全文检索会按照得分进行排序

{
  "took" : 559,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.89712,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.89712,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李四",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 25,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6931471,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李华",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 26,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
{
  "took" : 559,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.89712,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.89712,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李四",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 25,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6931471,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李华",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 26,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

通过 multi_match 关键词在多个字段中检索

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "李四",
      "fields": ["name","address"]
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "李四",
      "fields": ["name","address"]
    }
  }
}

prefix 前缀匹配

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "prefix": {
      "name": "李"
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "prefix": {
      "name": "李"
    }
  }
}

会查询以 李 开头的数据

{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李四",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 25,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李华",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 26,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李四",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 25,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李华",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 26,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

regexp 通过正则表达来匹配数据

正则表达式语法中使用了许多符号和运算符来表示通配符和字符范围

  • 句号 “.” 用于代表任何字符。
  • 用括号括起来的一系列字符，例如 [a-z]，是一个字符类。 字符类表示字符范围； 在此示例中，它充当任何字母的替代。
  • 加号 “+” 用于表示重复的字符； 例如，“Mississippi” 中的 “pp”。
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "regexp": {
      "name": "李.*"
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "regexp": {
      "name": "李.*"
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李四",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 25,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李华",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 26,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李四",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 25,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "user",
        "_type" : "docs",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "李华",
          "sex" : 1,
          "age" : 26,
          "address" : "河北省"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

wildcard 通配符匹配 （*表示任意字符串，?表示任意一个字符）

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "wildcard": {
      "name": "李*"
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "wildcard": {
      "name": "李*"
    }
  }
}

精确匹配 ​

term 单个条件相等 (keyword代表不分词)

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "name.keyword": "李四"
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "name.keyword": "李四"
    }
  }
}

terms 单个字段属于某个值数组内的值

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "name.keyword": ["李四","王五"]
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "name.keyword": ["李四","王五"]
    }
  }
}

range 字段属于某个范围内的值（包含临界值）

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 24,
        "lte": 28
      }
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 24,
        "lte": 28
      }
    }
  }
}

exists 某个字段的值是否存在，相当于 select * from user where gender is not null

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "exists": {
      "field": "gender"
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "exists": {
      "field": "gender"
    }
  }
}

miss 某个字段的值是否缺失，相当于 select * from user where gender is null

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "miss": {
      "field": "gender"
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "miss": {
      "field": "gender"
    }
  }
}

ids 通过ID批量查询

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "ids": {
      "values": [1,2,3]
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "ids": {
      "values": [1,2,3]
    }
  }
}

组合查询(多条件) ​

bool ​

must 各个条件都必须满足，即各条件是and的关系

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "李四"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "address.keyword": "河北省"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "李四"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "address.keyword": "河北省"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

should 各个条件有一个满足即可，即各条件是or的关

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "李四"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "address.keyword": "河北省"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "李四"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "address.keyword": "河北省"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

must_not 不满足所有条件，即各条件是not的关系

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "李四"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "address.keyword": "河北省"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "李四"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "address.keyword": "河北省"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

filter 不计算相关度评分，不计算_score即相关度评分，效率更高

GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "term": {
            "address.keyword": "河北省"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
GET /user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "term": {
            "address.keyword": "河北省"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

constant_score ​

不计算相关度评分 must/filter/shoud/must_not 等的子条件是通过 term/terms/range/ids/exists/match 等叶子条件为参数的

需要传两个参数

  • filter 你希望执行的Filter查询，每一个返回的文档都必须匹配这个查询，Filter查询不会计算相关度分数，为了提高性能，Elasticsearch会自动缓存经常使用的Filter查询。
  • 一个Float类型的数，用于指定匹配成功的文档的相关度分数。默认值为1.0。
GET /user_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "bool": {
            "filter": {
              "term": {
                "address.keyword": "河北省"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
GET /user_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "bool": {
            "filter": {
              "term": {
                "address.keyword": "河北省"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

dis_max ​

支持多并发查询，可返回与任意查询条件子句匹配的文档类型。与bool查询可以将所有匹配查询的分数相结合的方式不同，dis_max查询只使用最佳查询条件的分数。

连接查询 ​

父子文档查询 ​

嵌套文档查询 ​

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